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 Android教程網 >> Android技術 >> 關於Android編程 >> Android自定義控件以及控件屬性的自定義

Android自定義控件以及控件屬性的自定義

編輯:關於Android編程

自定義控件在android中無處不見,自定義控件給了我們很大的方便。比如說,一個視圖為imageview  ,imagebutton ,textview 等諸多控件的組合,用的地方有很多,我們不可能每次都來寫3個的組合,既浪費時間,效率又低。在這種情況下,我們就可以自定義一個view來替換他們,不僅提升了效率並且在xml中運用也是相當的美觀。

一、控件自定義屬性介紹

以下示例中代碼均在values/attrs.xml 中定義,屬性均可隨意命名。
1. reference:參考某一資源ID。

示例:
[java]
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "background" format = "reference" /> 
       <attr name = "src" format = "reference" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
2. color:顏色值。
示例:
[java]
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
3. boolean:布爾值。
示例:
[java]
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
4. dimension:尺寸值。
示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
5. float:浮點值。
示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" /> 
       <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
6. integer:整型值。
示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" /> 
       <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
7. string:字符串。
示例:
[java]
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "text" format = "string" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
8. fraction:百分數。
示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name="名稱"> 
       <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" /> 
       <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
9. enum:枚舉值。
示例:
[java]
<declare-styleable name="名稱"> 
       <attr name="orientation"> 
              <enum name="horizontal" value="0" /> 
              <enum name="vertical" value="1" /> 
       </attr>            
</declare-styleable> 
10. flag:位或運算。

示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name="名稱"> 
       <attr name="windowSoftInputMode"> 
               <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> 
               <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> 
               <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> 
               <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" /> 
        </attr>         
</declare-styleable> 
11.多類型。
示例:
[java] 
<declare-styleable name = "名稱"> 
       <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> 
</declare-styleable> 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

二、屬性的使用以及自定義控件的實現

1、構思控件的組成元素,思考所需自定義的屬性。

       比如:我要做一個  <帶陰影的按鈕,按鈕正下方有文字說明>(類似9宮格按鈕)

       新建values/attrs.xml

[java] 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<resources> 
    <declare-styleable name="custom_view"> 
        <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" /> 
        <attr name="src" format="reference" /> 
        <attr name="background" format="reference" /> 
        <attr name="text" format="string" /> 
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" /> 
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" /> 
    </declare-styleable> 
</resources> 
       以上,所定義為custom_view,custom_id為按鈕id,src為按鈕,background為陰影背景,text為按鈕說明,textColor為字體顏色,textSize為字體大小。

2、怎麼自定義控件呢,怎麼使用這些屬性呢?話不多說請看代碼,CustomView :
 view plaincopy
package com.nanlus.custom; 
 
import com.nanlus.custom.R; 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.content.res.TypedArray; 
import android.graphics.Color; 
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; 
import android.util.AttributeSet; 
import android.view.Gravity; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 
import android.widget.FrameLayout; 
import android.widget.ImageButton; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener { 
 
    private CustomListener customListener = null; 
 
    private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null; 
    private String mText = ""; 
    private int mTextColor = 0; 
    private float mTextSize = 20; 
    private int mCustomId = 0; 
 
    private ImageView mBackgroundView = null; 
    private ImageButton mButtonView = null; 
    private TextView mTextView = null; 
 
    private LayoutParams mParams = null; 
 
    public CustomView(Context context) { 
        super(context); 
 
    } 
 
    public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { 
        super(context, attrs); 
 
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, 
                R.styleable.custom_view); 
 
        mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src); 
        mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background); 
        mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text); 
        mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor, 
                Color.WHITE); 
        mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20); 
        mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0); 
 
        mTextView = new TextView(context); 
        mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize); 
        mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor); 
        mTextView.setText(mText); 
        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER); 
        mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 
                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 
 
        mButtonView = new ImageButton(context); 
        mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc); 
        mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null); 
        mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 
                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 
        mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this); 
 
        mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context); 
        mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground); 
        mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams( 
                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); 
 
        addView(mBackgroundView); 
        addView(mButtonView); 
        addView(mTextView); 
 
        this.setOnClickListener(this); 
 
        a.recycle(); 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    protected void onAttachedToWindow() { 
        super.onAttachedToWindow(); 
 
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams(); 
        if (mParams != null) { 
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP; 
            mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 
        } 
 
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams(); 
        if (mParams != null) { 
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP; 
            mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 
        } 
 
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams(); 
        if (mParams != null) { 
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM; 
            mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams); 
        } 
    } 
 
    public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) { 
        customListener = l; 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onClick(View v) { 
        if (customListener != null) { 
            customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId); 
        } 
    } 
 
    public interface CustomListener { 
        void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id); 
    } 

代碼很簡單,就不多說,下面來看看我們的CustomView是怎麼用的,請看:
 
3、自定義控件的使用

      話不多說,請看代碼,main.xml:

[java] 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" > 
 
    <LinearLayout 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" 
         android:layout_centerVertical="true" 
        android:orientation="horizontal" > 
 
        <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView 
            android:id="@+id/custom1" 
            android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_weight="1" 
            nanlus:background="@drawable/background" 
            nanlus:custom_id="1" 
            nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button" 
            nanlus:text="按鈕1" > 
        </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView> 
    </LinearLayout> 
 
 
</RelativeLayout> 
在這裡需要解釋一下,

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"

nanlus為在xml中的前綴,com.nanlus.custom為包名

4、在Activity中,直接上代碼

[java]
package com.nanlus.custom; 
 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.widget.ImageButton; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
import android.widget.Toast; 
import com.nanlus.BaseActivity; 
import com.nanlus.custom.R; 
import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener; 
 
public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener { 
 
    @Override 
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
 
        setContentView(R.layout.main); 
 
        ((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this); 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) { 
        switch (custom_id) { 
        case 1: 
            Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); 
            break; 
        default: 
            break; 
        } 
 
    } 
 

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