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 Android教程網 >> Android技術 >> 關於Android編程 >> android service總結

android service總結

編輯:關於Android編程

1、通過startservice方法啟動一個服務,service不能自己啟動自己。若在一個服務中啟動一個activity則,必須是申明一個全新的activity任務TASK。通過startservice方法啟動的服務不會隨著啟動組件的消亡而消亡,而是一直運行著。

Service生命周期 onCreate()-------->onStartCommand()----------->onDestroy()

startService()啟動一個服務後,若在該服務做耗時操作且沒有寫線程,則會導致主線程阻塞!

服務啟動運行後會一直運行onStartCommand()方法。

2、用bindService啟動一個服務,該服務和activity是綁定在一起的:啟動時,先調用onCreate()------>onBind()--------->onServiceConnected(),啟動服務的組件消亡,服務也就消亡了。

3、AIDL服務調用方式

demo下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014600432/8175529

1)服務端代碼:

首先定義一個接口描述語言的接口:

package com.example.service;
interface DataService{
double getData(String arg);

}

然後定義服務組件代碼:

/**
 *Version:
 *author:YangQuanqing
 *Data:
 */
package com.example.android_aidl_service;

import com.example.service.DataService;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;

/**
 * @author YangQuanqing yqq
 *
 */
public class MyService extends Service {

	
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		//返回binder由didl文件生成
		return binder;
	}
	//定義給客戶端調用的方法 (aidl文件)
	Binder binder=new DataService.Stub() {
		
		@Override
		public double getData(String arg) throws RemoteException {
			if(arg=="a"){
				return 1;
			}
			if(arg=="b"){
				return 2;
			}
			
			return 0;
		}
	};

}

服務端的清單文件:




    

    
        
            
                

                
            
        
        
            
                
                
            
        
    


客戶端編碼:

把aidl文件包拷貝到客戶端,客戶端代碼如下:

package com.example.android_aidl_client;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.service.DataService;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private Button btn1,btn2;
	//定義一個AIDL實例
	private DataService dataService;
	private TextView tv;
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		btn1=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button1);
		btn2=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button2);
		tv=(TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
		//綁定服務
		btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				Intent intent=new Intent(DataService.class.getName());
				//啟動服務
				bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
			}
		});
		//調用服務的方法
		btn2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
			try {
				int result=(int) dataService.getData("a");
				tv.setText(result+"");
			} catch (RemoteException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
				
			}
		});
	}
//客戶端與服務交互
	private ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			//傳入service
			dataService=DataService.Stub.asInterface(service);
		}
	};
	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

}

這樣就可以完成進程間通信了。


4、用bindService啟動服務並訪問本地服務的方法。

訪問界面代碼:

package com.example.android_service_binder;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.android_service_binder.MyService.LocalBinder;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	//銷毀綁定
	@Override
	protected void onStop() {
		super.onStop();
		if(flag)
		{
			//解除綁定
			unbindService(serviceConnection);
			flag=false;
		}
		
	}


	//綁定Service
	@Override
	protected void onStart() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onStart();
		/*Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
		//啟動service
		bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);*/
	}


	

	private Button btnBinder=null;
	private Button btnCall=null;
	private TextView tv=null;
	private MyService myService;//service實例
	private boolean flag=false;//默認不綁定
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		btnBinder=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button1);
		btnCall=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button2);
		tv=(TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
		btnBinder.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
				//啟動service
				bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
			}
		});
		//調用service方法
		btnCall.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				//處於綁定狀態
				if(flag)
				{
					int result=myService.getRandom();
					tv.setText("<<<<<"+result);
				}
			}
		});
		
	}
	
	
	private ServiceConnection serviceConnection= new ServiceConnection(){
		//連接
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder iBinder) {
//獲得服務的The IBinder of the Service's communication channel, which you can now make calls on.
			LocalBinder binder=(LocalBinder) iBinder;
			//獲得服務
			myService=binder.getService();
			
			flag=true;
			
		}
		//不連接
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
			flag=false;
			
		}
		
	};
	

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

}

服務組件代碼:

/**
 *Version:
 *author:YangQuanqing
 *Data:
 */
package com.example.android_service_binder;

import java.util.Random;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

/**
 * @author YangQuanqing yqq
 *
 */
public class MyService extends Service {

	private final LocalBinder lb=new LocalBinder();
	private final Random num=new Random();
	
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		// 返回本地Binder的子類實例
		return  lb;
	}
	//定義一個本地Binder類繼承Binder
	public class LocalBinder extends Binder{
		//獲得Servie子類當前實例給客戶端
		public MyService getService(){
		return MyService.this;
		}
		
	}
	public int getRandom(){
		
		return num.nextInt(98);
	}

}


通過該demo可以訪問本地服務裡面的方法。

demo下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014600432/8175633

5、IntentService

本質是開啟一個線程來完成耗時操作。

IntentService生命周期:

onCreate()------->onStartCommand()--------->onHandleIntent()--------->onDestroy()

/**
 *Version:
 *author:YangQuanqing
 *Data:
 */
package com.example.android_intentservice;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * @author YangQuanqing  不需要開啟線程(看源碼知道是自己封裝了開啟線程),不需要關閉服務,自己關閉,單線程下載數據
 * 
 * 一定要記得實例化!!!
 */
public class DownLoadService extends IntentService {

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate();
	}

	public DownLoadService() {
		super("DownLoadService");

	}

	// 只需復寫如下方法

	// 在該方法中執行操作
	@Override
	protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
		// 獲得提取網絡資源的實例
		HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
		// 設置請求方式
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(intent.getStringExtra("url"));
		// 設置存儲路徑
		File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
				"IntentService.gif");
		// 定義輸出流用於寫
		FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
		byte[] data = null;// 網絡數據
		
		try {
			// 執行請求獲得響應
			HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			// 判斷響應狀態碼
			if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
				// 獲得響應實體
				HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
				// 獲得網絡數據
				data = EntityUtils.toByteArray(httpEntity);
				// 判斷SD卡是否可用
				if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
						Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
					// 寫入SD卡
					fileOutputStream=new FileOutputStream(file);
					fileOutputStream.write(data, 0, data.length);
					//Toast.makeText( DownLoadService.this,"下載完成", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
					Toast.makeText( getApplicationContext(),"下載完成", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
				}
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {

			if (fileOutputStream != null) {
				try {
					fileOutputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}

	}

}

調用服務界面:

package com.example.android_intentservice;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	private Button btn_intent=null;
	private String url="http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif";
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		btn_intent=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button1);
		btn_intent.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

			@Override
			public void onClick(View arg0) {
				Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,DownLoadService.class);
				intent.putExtra("url", url);
				startService(intent);
				
				
			}
			
			
		});
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

}

demo下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014600432/8175673



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