Android_設備隱私獲取，忽略6.0權限管理

(1).由於MIUI等部分國產定制系統也有權限管理，沒有相關api，故無法判斷用戶是否允許獲取聯系人等隱私。在Android 6.0之後，新增權限管理可以通過官方api判斷用戶的運行狀態；

(2).我們指定targetSdkVersion為23或者之後我們還需要在運行時請求這些所需的權限。這很重要，因為已經出現了很多開發者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新，然後發現自己的app瘋狂的崩潰，這是由於他們沒有實現執行運行時權限請求的代碼。當你已經把一個targeting API 為23或者之後的app發布到了Google Play上，這更是一個問題，你無法立即把那個apk的targeting API替換成更早的版本。

2.權限分析

從Android6.0開始，權限分為普通權限和許可權限。許可權限分類歸組，一個權限授權之後，該組下的權限均可使用。

(1)普通權限

只需要在xml申請即可，使用方法和之前6.0以前的一樣。在應用安裝應用時，會默認獲得許可。

(2)許可權限

可執行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

Permission Group Permissions android.permission-group.CALENDAR

• android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
• android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

android.permission-group.CAMERA

• android.permission.CAMERA

android.permission-group.CONTACTS

• android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
• android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
• android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS

android.permission-group.LOCATION

• android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
• android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

android.permission-group.MICROPHONE

• android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

android.permission-group.PHONE

• android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
• android.permission.CALL_PHONE
• android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
• android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
• com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
• android.permission.USE_SIP
• android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS

android.permission-group.SENSORS

• android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

android.permission-group.SMS

• android.permission.SEND_SMS
• android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
• android.permission.READ_SMS
• android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
• android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
• android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

android.permission-group.STORAGE

• android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
• android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

同一組的任何一個權限被授權了，其他權限也自動被授權。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授權了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源碼中被用來檢查和請求權限的方法分別是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions，這些方法api23引入。
 

3.相關方法

(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()

檢查應用是否擁有該權限，被授權返回值為PERMISSION_GRANTED，否則返回PERMISSION_DENIED

(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

將彈出請求授權對話框，這個方法在M之前版本調用，OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被調用，帶著正確的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。

(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()

該方法類似於Activity的OnActivityResult()的回調方法，主要接收請求授權的返回

1. //版本判斷
2. if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=23){
3. //減少是否擁有權限
4. intcheckCallPhonePermission=ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(),permission);
5. if(checkCallPhonePermission!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
6. //彈出對話框接收權限
7. ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this,newString[]{permission},id);
8. return;
9. }  
   1. @Override
   2. publicvoidonRequestPermissionsResult(intrequestCode,@NonNullString[]permissions,@NonNullint[]grantResults){
   3. super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults);
   4.  
   5. if(grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
   6. //TODO:已授權
   7. }else{
   8. //TODO:用戶拒絕
   9. }
   10. }

4.封裝

1. publicclassBaseActivityextendsAppCompatActivity{
2. privateMapallowablePermissionRunnables=newHashMap<>();
3. privateMapdisallowablePermissionRunnables=newHashMap<>();
4.  
5. @Override
6. protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
7. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
8. }
9.  
10. /**
11. *請求權限
12. *@paramid請求授權的id唯一標識即可
13. *@parampermission請求的權限
14. *@paramallowableRunnable同意授權後的操作
15. *@paramdisallowableRunnable禁止權限後的操作
16. */
17. protectedvoidrequestPermission(intid,Stringpermission,RunnableallowableRunnable,RunnabledisallowableRunnable){
18. if(allowableRunnable==null){
19. thrownewIllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable==null");
20. }
21.  
22. allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id,allowableRunnable);
23. if(disallowableRunnable!=null){
24. disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id,disallowableRunnable);
25. }
26.  
27. //版本判斷
28. if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=23){
29. //減少是否擁有權限
30. intcheckCallPhonePermission=ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(),permission);
31. if(checkCallPhonePermission!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
32. //彈出對話框接收權限
33. ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this,newString[]{permission},id);
34. return;
35. }else{
36. allowableRunnable.run();
37. }
38. }else{
39. allowableRunnable.run();
40. }
41. }
42.  
43. @Override
44. publicvoidonRequestPermissionsResult(intrequestCode,@NonNullString[]permissions,@NonNullint[]grantResults){
45. super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults);
46.  
47. if(grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
48. RunnableallowRun=allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
49. allowRun.run();
50. }else{
51. RunnabledisallowRun=disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
52. disallowRun.run();
53. }
54. }
55. }  
    1. publicclassMainActivityextendsBaseActivityimplementsView.OnClickListener{
    2. privateButtonbtCallPhone;
    3. privateButtonbtContact;
    4.  
    5. @Override
    6. protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
    7. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    8. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    9.  
    10. btCallPhone=(Button)findViewById(R.id.call_phone);
    11. btContact=(Button)findViewById(R.id.contact);
    12.  
    13. btCallPhone.setOnClickListener(this);
    14. btContact.setOnClickListener(this);
    15. }
    16.  
    17. @Override
    18. publicvoidonClick(Viewv){
    19. if(v==btCallPhone){
    20. //撥打電話
    21. requestPermission(1,Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE,newRunnable(){
    22. @Override
    23. publicvoidrun(){
    24. callPhone();
    25. }
    26. },newRunnable(){
    27. @Override
    28. publicvoidrun(){
    29. callPhoneDenied();
    30. }
    31. });
    32. }elseif(v==btContact){
    33. //讀取聯系人信息
    34. requestPermission(2,Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS,newRunnable(){
    35. @Override
    36. publicvoidrun(){
    37. readContact();
    38. }
    39. },newRunnable(){
    40. @Override
    41. publicvoidrun(){
    42. readContactDenied();
    43. }
    44. });
    45. }
    46. }
    47.  
    48. privatevoidcallPhone(){
    49. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"CALL_PHONEOK",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
    50. .show();
    51. }
    52.  
    53. privatevoidcallPhoneDenied(){
    54. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"CALL_PHONEDenied",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
    55. .show();
    56. }
    57.  
    58. privatevoidreadContact(){
    59. ContentResolvercr=getContentResolver();
    60. Stringstr[]={ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,
    61. ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID};
    62. Cursorcur=cr.query(
    63. ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,str,null,
    64. null,null);
    65. intcount=cur.getCount();
    66. cur.close();
    67.  
    68. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,String.format("發現%s條",count),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
    69. .show();
    70. }
    71.  
    72. privatevoidreadContactDenied(){
    73. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"ContactDenied",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
    74. .show();
    75. }
    76. }